\u0130nsan varolu\u015fun derinliklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hakikati b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ku\u015fatamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sezer. Alg\u0131, kendi ufkunun \u00f6tesine kolayca ge\u00e7emez; g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fey, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca bize d\u00f6n\u00fck y\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yine de insan\u0131n elinde \u00f6nemli bir imk\u00e2n vard\u0131r: Par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kurmak. Hakikate yakla\u015fmak, tek ve kapanm\u0131\u015f bir cevab\u0131 bulmaktan \u00e7ok, farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birbirine de\u011fdirerek daha geni\u015f bir anlam alan\u0131 kurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Panlektik Epistemolojik Test tam da burada devreye girer. Bu test, bilginin mutlak olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin bir h\u00fck\u00fcmle kapatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Daha \u00e7ok, insan\u0131n hakikate ne kadar yakla\u015fabildi\u011fini yoklar. \u00d6zvarl\u0131k, ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve kesinlik ilkeleri \u00fczerinden bir bilginin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na durup durmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bilgilerle nas\u0131l ili\u015fki kurdu\u011funu ve ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenilir kabul edilebilece\u011fini sorgular. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hakikat, yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6r\u00fcnen par\u00e7aya bakarak de\u011fil, par\u00e7alar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 fark ederek a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk soru \u015fudur: Mutlak bilgi kendi ba\u015f\u0131na var olabilir mi?<\/p>\n
K\u0131r\u0131k ayna metaforunda hakikat, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00fct\u00fcn gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mutlak bilgi ger\u00e7ekten varsa, insan alg\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir varl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat onun var olmas\u0131, insan taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan ve eksiksiz kavranabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n
Matematiksel aksiyomlar ve mant\u0131k yasalar\u0131 bu soruyu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar. \u0130nsan olmasayd\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczeninden ya da mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel ilkelerinden s\u00f6z edebilir miydik? \u00d6zvarl\u0131k ilkesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bilgi, insan\u0131n icat etti\u011fi ge\u00e7ici bir yap\u0131dan \u00e7ok, insan\u0131n eri\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha derin bir d\u00fczene benzer.<\/p>\n
K\u0131r\u0131k ayna burada ba\u015fka bir \u015fey s\u00f6yler. Ayna b\u00fct\u00fcn olsayd\u0131, herkes ayn\u0131 hakikati ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla yans\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131. Fakat ayna k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; her insan, her k\u00fclt\u00fcr, her d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi hakikatin yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. O h\u00e2lde bilgi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na duran donmu\u015f bir mutlakl\u0131k olarak de\u011fil, par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda kurulan anlaml\u0131 ba\u011flarla anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nokta bizi ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ilkesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci soru \u015fudur: Bir bilgi do\u011fruysa, di\u011fer bilgilerle nas\u0131l bir uyum i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, bilginin yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011fil, ba\u015fka bilgilerle ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde s\u0131nanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kendi i\u00e7inde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir; fakat ba\u015fka alanlardan gelen verilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, hakikate yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131flar. Daha sa\u011flam bilgi, yeni par\u00e7alar eklendik\u00e7e \u00e7\u00f6ken de\u011fil, kendini yeniden kurabilendir.<\/p>\n
K\u0131r\u0131k ayna metaforu burada \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131r. Hakikat bir b\u00fct\u00fcnse ve biz ona par\u00e7alar h\u00e2linde ula\u015f\u0131yorsak, her par\u00e7an\u0131n di\u011ferleriyle ili\u015fkisini yoklamam\u0131z gerekir. Yine de par\u00e7alar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman eksiksiz bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fturamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek gerekir. \u0130nsan, hakikatin tamam\u0131na sahip olamaz; fakat par\u00e7alar aras\u0131ndaki uyumu art\u0131rarak ona yakla\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n
Klasik fizik ile kuantum mekani\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki gerilim buna \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir. \u0130kisi de kendi alan\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamalar sunar; fakat evrenin t\u00fcm d\u00fczeylerini tek bir dille a\u00e7\u0131klamak kolay de\u011fildir. Benzer \u015fekilde, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrde kesin do\u011fru kabul edilen ahlaki bir ilke, ba\u015fka bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ayn\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulmayabilir. Bu durum hakikatin yoklu\u011funu de\u011fil, insan\u0131n hakikati kavrama bi\u00e7iminin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve tarihsel oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Bilgi geni\u015fledik\u00e7e eski kesinlikler de s\u0131nan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ilkeye, yani kesinlik meselesine ge\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc soru \u015fudur: Hakikat varsa, onu kesin olarak bilebilir miyiz?<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan\u0131n alg\u0131s\u0131 hakikatin tamam\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatacak geni\u015flikte de\u011fildir. Zihin, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yorumlar; yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavram san\u0131r; kavramla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi de \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hakikatin kendisiyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. K\u0131r\u0131k ayna metaforu bu yan\u0131lg\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Her par\u00e7a kendi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru olabilir, fakat yine de eksiktir. Bir par\u00e7ay\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine koydu\u011fumuzda, hakikati anlam\u0131\u015f olmay\u0131z; sadece kendi par\u00e7am\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n
Kesinlik bu y\u00fczden tek bir noktaya \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131 kalamaz. Daha do\u011fru olan, kesinli\u011fi par\u00e7alar\u0131n birle\u015fme g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00f6l\u00e7mektir. Bir bilgi yeni g\u00f6zlemlerle geni\u015fleyebiliyorsa, farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca hemen \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fcyorsa ve kendini daha geni\u015f bir anlam \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde koruyabiliyorsa, ge\u00e7ici bir kesinlik kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mutlak kesinlik ise tek bir par\u00e7aya dayanamaz. Panlektik bak\u0131\u015fta kesinlik, kapanm\u0131\u015f bir h\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00e7ok, hakikate yakla\u015fma derecesidir. \u0130nsan b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc elinde tutamaz; fakat par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda daha sa\u011flam ili\u015fkiler kurduk\u00e7a, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn izini daha a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n
Panlektik Epistemolojik Test \u00fc\u00e7 temel ilkeye dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zvarl\u0131k, bilginin insan alg\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe dayan\u0131p dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgular. Hakikat bizim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden daha geni\u015ftir; insan onu \u00fcretmekten \u00e7ok, ona par\u00e7a par\u00e7a yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, bir bilginin ba\u015fka bilgilerle ili\u015fkisini s\u0131nar. Hakikat bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir; fakat insan bu b\u00fct\u00fcne par\u00e7alar h\u00e2linde ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden bilgi, di\u011fer par\u00e7alarla kurdu\u011fu uyum i\u00e7inde anlam kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kesinlik, bilginin ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011funu yoklar. Hi\u00e7bir par\u00e7a tek ba\u015f\u0131na mutlak hakikati temsil edemez. Yine de par\u00e7alar birle\u015ftik\u00e7e, insan hakikate daha dengeli ve daha derin bir bi\u00e7imde yakla\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Panlektik Epistemolojik Test, mutlak bilginin var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin bir cevapla kapatmaz. Onun yerine daha canl\u0131 bir soru sorar: \u0130nsan, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131yla hakikate ne kadar yakla\u015fabilir?<\/p>\n
Hakikat, yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7ay\u0131 g\u00f6rmekle de\u011fil, par\u00e7alar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 kurmakla ke\u015ffedilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsan varolu\u015fun derinliklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hakikati b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ku\u015fatamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sezer. Alg\u0131, kendi ufkunun \u00f6tesine kolayca ge\u00e7emez; g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fey, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca bize d\u00f6n\u00fck y\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yine de insan\u0131n elinde \u00f6nemli bir imk\u00e2n vard\u0131r: Par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kurmak. Hakikate yakla\u015fmak, tek ve kapanm\u0131\u015f bir cevab\u0131 bulmaktan \u00e7ok, farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birbirine de\u011fdirerek daha geni\u015f bir anlam alan\u0131 kurmakt\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-varolusculuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}