Baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, yaln\u0131zca fikirleriyle de\u011fil, insan\u0131n i\u00e7ine b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 soruyla ya\u015far. Frantz Fanon, Edward Said ve Antonio Gramsci b\u00f6yle isimlerdir. Her biri ba\u015fka bir yerden konu\u015fur; biri s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u015fiddetinin insan ruhunda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaraya bakar, biri temsilin ve dilin nas\u0131l bir iktidar alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir, di\u011feri toplumun r\u0131za yoluyla nas\u0131l bi\u00e7imlendirildi\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Panlektik bak\u0131\u015f bu isimleri ayn\u0131 kal\u0131ba sokmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Onlar\u0131, insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda beliren \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015fma noktas\u0131 gibi okur. Her biri kendi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e, insan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131larla de\u011fil, i\u00e7selle\u015ftirdi\u011fi anlamlarla da ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Frantz Fanon\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde s\u00f6m\u00fcrge, yaln\u0131zca bir topra\u011f\u0131n i\u015fgali de\u011fildir. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge, insan\u0131n kendine bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da yaralar. Ten, dil, beden, haf\u0131za ve arzu bu d\u00fczenin i\u00e7inde yeniden bi\u00e7imlenir. S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ki\u015fi, zamanla kendisini kendi g\u00f6zleriyle de\u011fil, onu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclten bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7inden g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n
Fanon\u2019un \u00f6fkesi buradan do\u011far. Bu \u00f6fke basit bir tepki de\u011fil, k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f insan b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kendini yeniden kurma \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. Panlektik a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda burada n\u00fcve, yaralanman\u0131n i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kan ilk bilin\u00e7 k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan, kendisine giydirilen eksiklik duygusunu fark etti\u011fi anda, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar. \u00d6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme de yaln\u0131zca siyasal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaz; insan\u0131n kendi y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc, kendi sesini ve kendi de\u011ferini geri almas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Edward Said\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fka bir cephesini a\u00e7ar. Onun \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu mesele, bir toplumun nas\u0131l temsil edildi\u011fidir. Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDo\u011fu\u201dyu anlatma bi\u00e7imi \u00e7o\u011fu zaman masum bir tan\u0131ma \u00e7abas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Do\u011fu, bazen egzotik, bazen geri kalm\u0131\u015f, bazen gizemli, bazen de y\u00f6netilmesi gereken bir alan gibi kurgulan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece ger\u00e7ek insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafya, zihinsel bir tasar\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Panlektik i\u00e7in Said\u2019in \u00f6nemi burada belirir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgi, her zaman saf ve tarafs\u0131z bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k gibi i\u015flemez. Bazen iktidar\u0131n diliyle birle\u015fir ve hakikatin \u00fczerini \u00f6rter. Bir topluma verilen ad, o toplumun nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fini belirleyebilir. Nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise ona nas\u0131l davran\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Dil yaln\u0131zca anlatmaz; s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izer, mesafe kurar, bazen de insan\u0131 kendi hakikatinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Antonio Gramsci, iktidar\u0131n daha sessiz bir y\u00fcz\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7eker. Ona g\u00f6re y\u00f6netilmek her zaman zorla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. \u0130nsan kimi zaman al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klarla, tekrarlarla, e\u011fitimle, k\u00fclt\u00fcrle ve g\u00fcndelik kabullerle y\u00f6nlendirilir. Bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fczeni, kendisini do\u011fal hayat gibi g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde daha derin bir etki kazan\u0131r. Gramsci\u2019nin hegemonya dedi\u011fi \u015fey, tam da bu sessiz yerle\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n
Panlektik a\u00e7\u0131dan hegemonya, ba\u011flam\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f h\u00e2lidir. \u0130nsan baz\u0131 fikirleri kendi fikri san\u0131r; oysa onlar\u0131 uzun zaman boyunca duymu\u015f, \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve normal kabul etmi\u015ftir. Toplumun ortak zihninde olu\u015fan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler, bireyin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imini fark edilmeden belirler. Bu y\u00fczden \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcce kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmakla tamamlanmaz; insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcnen kabulleri de sorgulamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Fanon bedendeki ve ruhtaki yaray\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar. Said, bu yaray\u0131 besleyen temsil d\u00fczenini a\u00e7ar. Gramsci, d\u00fczenin g\u00fcndelik hayat i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l ola\u011fanla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Panlektik bak\u0131\u015f ise bu \u00fc\u00e7 hatt\u0131 tek bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma listesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeden, ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunun etraf\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr: \u0130nsan, kendisine ait olmayan anlamlar\u0131 ne zaman kendi hakikati sanmaya ba\u015flar?<\/p>\n
Bu soru \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcrge yaln\u0131zca s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izgilerinde kurulmaz. Dilin i\u00e7inde, okulda, kitapta, bak\u0131\u015fta, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kta ve insan\u0131n kendisi hakk\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu c\u00fcmlelerde de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir. Bir toplum, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan \u00f6zg\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrken i\u00e7eride ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n kavramlar\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilir. Bir insan, zinciri k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131rken zincirin ad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n
Panlektik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce burada daha geni\u015f bir alan a\u00e7ar. N\u00fcve, bazen bir itirazd\u0131r. Bazen insan\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en huzursuz bir sorudur. Bazen de \u201cBen ger\u00e7ekten kendi sesimle mi konu\u015fuyorum?\u201d diye ba\u015flayan sessiz bir fark edi\u015ftir. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, bu fark edi\u015fin temas etti\u011fi yerdir: beden, dil, haf\u0131za, toplum ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcr. Ba\u011flam a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise insan art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca maruz kalan biri de\u011fildir; anlam\u0131 yeniden kurmaya ba\u015flayan bir \u00f6zneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Fanon\u2019un yaral\u0131 bilinci, Said\u2019in temsil ele\u015ftirisi ve Gramsci\u2019nin hegemonya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi Panlektik i\u00e7inde ayn\u0131 kap\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kar: \u00d6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme, insan\u0131n kendi anlam alan\u0131n\u0131 geri almas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bir anda tamamlanmaz. \u00d6nce yabanc\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f fark edilir. Sonra o bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n dile, davran\u0131\u015fa ve haf\u0131zaya nas\u0131l yerle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ard\u0131ndan insan kendi kavramlar\u0131n\u0131, kendi anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi duru\u015funu kurmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Panlektik sarmal tam burada i\u015fler. Her fark edi\u015f yeni bir katman a\u00e7ar. Her katman, daha derin bir soruyu beraberinde getirir. \u0130nsan yaln\u0131zca \u201cKim beni y\u00f6netti?\u201d diye sormaz; \u201cBen kimin diliyle kendimi anlatt\u0131m?\u201d sorusuna da yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fanon, Said ve Gramsci bu y\u00fczden Panlektik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kap\u0131lar a\u00e7ar. Fanon, insan\u0131n yaralanm\u0131\u015f onurunu hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Said, temsilin hakikat \u00fczerindeki g\u00f6lgesini g\u00f6sterir. Gramsci, r\u0131zan\u0131n ne kadar sessiz kurulabilece\u011fini anlat\u0131r. Panlektik ise b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 insan\u0131n anlamla, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ve kendi \u00f6z\u00fcyle kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131 esir alan \u015fey her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Bazen bir kelime, bazen bir bak\u0131\u015f, bazen de y\u0131llarca do\u011fru san\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kabuld\u00fcr. \u00d6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme, bu kabullerin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erek insan\u0131n kendi sesine yakla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, yaln\u0131zca fikirleriyle de\u011fil, insan\u0131n i\u00e7ine b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 soruyla ya\u015far. Frantz Fanon, Edward Said ve Antonio Gramsci b\u00f6yle isimlerdir. Her biri ba\u015fka bir yerden konu\u015fur; biri s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u015fiddetinin insan ruhunda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaraya bakar, biri temsilin ve dilin nas\u0131l bir iktidar alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir, di\u011feri toplumun r\u0131za yoluyla nas\u0131l bi\u00e7imlendirildi\u011fini anlat\u0131r. Panlektik bak\u0131\u015f bu isimleri ayn\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yonetimsellik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}