\u0130nsan \u00e7o\u011fu zaman mutlulu\u011fu d\u0131\u015far\u0131da arar. Daha iyi bir hayat, daha rahat bir beden, daha az ac\u0131, daha \u00e7ok sevin\u00e7\u2026 B\u00fct\u00fcn bu aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda eski bir soru durur: \u0130nsan neyle huzura erer?<\/p>\n
Hedonizm bu soruya haz \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131r. Haz, insan\u0131n varolu\u015funda hafife al\u0131nacak bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bedenin rahatlamas\u0131, ac\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, korkunun geri \u00e7ekilmesi ve ruhun yumu\u015famas\u0131, insan\u0131n hayatla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkinin \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat haz, tek ba\u015f\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kolayca kendi z\u0131dd\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretir. Arzu \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a insan geni\u015fledi\u011fini san\u0131r; oysa \u00e7o\u011fu zaman daha fazla \u015feye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 h\u00e2le gelir.<\/p>\n
Epik\u00fcr bu noktada kaba bir zevk\u00e7ili\u011fin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7er. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde mutluluk, sofran\u0131n zenginli\u011finde de\u011fil, ihtiyac\u0131n sadele\u015fmesinde belirir. \u0130nsan her istedi\u011fini elde etti\u011fi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, her iste\u011fin pe\u015finden gitmek zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti\u011fi i\u00e7in huzura yakla\u015f\u0131r. Epik\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn bah\u00e7esi bu y\u00fczden yaln\u0131zca bir felsefe okulu de\u011fil, arzular\u0131n ay\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir i\u00e7 mek\u00e2nd\u0131r. Orada insan, fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 mutluluk sanmaktan vazge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
Epiktetos ba\u015fka bir kap\u0131dan girer. Ona g\u00f6re insan\u0131 as\u0131l yoran \u015fey olaylar\u0131n kendisi de\u011fil, olaylara verdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Kaybetmek, hastalanmak, d\u0131\u015flanmak, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framak; b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar insan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geli\u015febilir. Fakat insan\u0131n bu olaylara hangi anlam\u0131 verdi\u011fi, kendi i\u00e7 terbiyesinin alan\u0131na girer. Epiktetos burada sert ama ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir ilke koyar: Senin olmayan\u0131 y\u00f6netmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; sana ait olan\u0131 ihmal etme.<\/p>\n
Panlektik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye g\u00f6re Epik\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn sadele\u015fen arzusu ile Epiktetos\u2019un e\u011fitilmi\u015f iradesi, insan\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme dokunur. Biri arzunun fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r, di\u011feri yarg\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 toplar. \u0130kisi de insan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n savurdu\u011fu bir varl\u0131k olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p kendi merkezine \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Panlektik a\u00e7\u0131dan haz bir n\u00fcve olabilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sevin\u00e7, bir dinginlik an\u0131, bedendeki hafifleme ya da ruhun k\u0131sa bir sessizli\u011fi insanda bir anlam k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131 yakabilir. Fakat bu n\u00fcve do\u011fru d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme temas etmezse h\u0131zla t\u00fckenir. Haz, ba\u011flam bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a insan art\u0131k haz almaktan \u00e7ok, haz aramaya mahk\u00fbm olur.<\/p>\n
\u0130rade ise d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn terbiyesidir. \u0130nsan hangi arzuyu b\u00fcy\u00fctece\u011fini, hangisini s\u00f6nd\u00fcrece\u011fini, hangi ac\u0131ya anlam verece\u011fini ve hangi beklentiden vazge\u00e7ece\u011fini i\u00e7indeki bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmle belirler. Epiktetos\u2019un disiplini burada Panlektik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle birle\u015fir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Panlektik bak\u0131\u015fta insan, yaln\u0131zca ba\u015f\u0131na gelenlerle de\u011fil, o olaylar\u0131n i\u00e7inde a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flamla \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n
Epik\u00fcr bize \u015funu f\u0131s\u0131ldar: Azalt ki huzur duyabilesin.<\/p>\n
Epiktetos ise \u015f\u00f6yle der: Ay\u0131rt et ki \u00f6zg\u00fcr kalabilesin.<\/p>\n
Panlektik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bu iki sesi ayn\u0131 sarmalda bulu\u015fturur: \u0130nsan, arzular\u0131n\u0131 sadele\u015ftirdi\u011finde ve iradesini e\u011fitti\u011finde, haz art\u0131k ge\u00e7ici bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar. Bir kavray\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. O zaman mutluluk, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan kopar\u0131lan bir ganimet gibi de\u011fil, insan\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru ba\u011flam gibi belirir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131 olgunla\u015ft\u0131ran \u015fey yaln\u0131zca neye y\u00f6neldi\u011fi de\u011fildir. Neyi neden istedi\u011fi, neye nas\u0131l katland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hangi arzuyu hangi anlam alan\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi de \u00f6nemlidir. Haz, irade ve bilgelik ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgide bulu\u015ftu\u011funda, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n pe\u015finden s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmez; ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7indeki i\u015faretleri okumaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Panlektik a\u00e7\u0131dan as\u0131l mesele hazza d\u00fc\u015fman olmak de\u011fildir. Haz da ac\u0131 da insan\u0131n varolu\u015f haritas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Fakat her haz insan\u0131 geni\u015fletmez, her ac\u0131 da insan\u0131 y\u0131kmaz. Baz\u0131 hazlar insan\u0131 daralt\u0131r; baz\u0131 ac\u0131lar ise i\u00e7 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden bilgelik, haz ile ac\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u00f6r bir tercih yapmak de\u011fil, ikisinin hangi ba\u011flamda insan\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rebilmektir.<\/p>\n
Epik\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn dingin bah\u00e7esiyle Epiktetos\u2019un i\u00e7 kalesi burada birbirine yakla\u015f\u0131r. Biri arzunun sesini k\u0131sar, di\u011feri yarg\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczeltir. Panlektik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ise bu iki hareketi daha geni\u015f bir varolu\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na yerle\u015ftirir. \u0130nsan, her arzusunda bir n\u00fcve, her s\u0131nav\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, her kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni bir ba\u011flam ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mutluluk belki de bu y\u00fczden elde edilen bir \u015feyden \u00e7ok, do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131nan bir \u015feydir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsan \u00e7o\u011fu zaman mutlulu\u011fu d\u0131\u015far\u0131da arar. Daha iyi bir hayat, daha rahat bir beden, daha az ac\u0131, daha \u00e7ok sevin\u00e7\u2026 B\u00fct\u00fcn bu aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda eski bir soru durur: \u0130nsan neyle huzura erer? Hedonizm bu soruya haz \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131r. Haz, insan\u0131n varolu\u015funda hafife al\u0131nacak bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bedenin rahatlamas\u0131, ac\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, korkunun geri \u00e7ekilmesi ve ruhun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-varolusculuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=143"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cemalkara.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}